Analisis Rantai Pasok Pangan Terhadap Stabilitas Harga dan Pengaruhnya Kepada Kesejahteraan Masyarakat Kota Medan
Keywords:
Stabilitas harga, Price spread, Disparitas harga spasial, Rantai pasokAbstract
Stabilitas harga pangan merupakan faktor penting yang memengaruhi ketahanan pangan dan kesejahteraan masyarakat. Kota Medan sebagai pusat konsumsi dan perdagangan di Sumatera Utara menghadapi dinamika harga pangan yang berfluktuasi akibat perbedaan struktur distribusi, gangguan pasokan, serta panjangnya rantai pasok. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis stabilitas harga pangan di Kota Medan serta dampaknya terhadap kesejahteraan masyarakat. Ruang lingkup penelitian mencakup komoditas pangan utama yang diperdagangkan di 21 pasar tradisional Kota Medan, yaitu beras, bawang merah, bawang putih, cabai merah, daging ayam ras, dan telur ayam ras. Stabilitas harga dianalisis menggunakan pendekatan perbedaan harga spasial (price spread), yaitu selisih antara harga tertinggi dan terendah pada hari yang sama antar pasar. Data yang digunakan berupa data harga harian periode Januari 2013 hingga September 2025. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa komoditas beras, daging ayam ras, dan telur ayam ras memiliki disparitas harga yang relatif terkendali, sementara komoditas hortikultura seperti cabai merah, bawang merah, dan bawang putih menunjukkan spread harga yang lebih tinggi akibat kerentanan pasokan dan kompleksitas distribusi. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa efisiensi rantai pasok dan koordinasi distribusi menjadi faktor penting dalam menjaga stabilitas harga pangan dan kesejahteraan masyarakat.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Rulianda Purnomo Wibowo, Benny Iskandar, R. B. Moh. Ibrahim Fatoni, Dian Pebriyani, Indra Gunawan, Wiwit Suryani, Paska Purnamasari, Adli Nadhif Syaifullah
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